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Python Tutorial — Learn Python 3.12 Step by Step (2026, Free) - Tutorsbot

Python Tutorial

68 articles · 14 chapters

What Is Python and Why Do Developers Choose It
Installing Python 3.12 on Windows, macOS and Linux
Running Your First Python Program End to End
print(), input() and Your First Variables
The Python REPL: A Practical Daily Workflow

Python Data Types Explained: int, float, str, bool
Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence
String vs Numeric Operations: What Actually Changes
Type Conversion (Casting) Without Bugs
Formatting Output with f-strings

if, elif, else: Writing Decisions That Read Cleanly
Comparison and Logical Operators in Real Conditions
for Loops and range(): Iterating with Intention
while Loops and Breaking Out Safely
Nested Loops and the Curious loop-else

Indexing and Slicing Strings Like a Pro
The String Methods You Use Every Day
Why Strings Are Immutable (and Why It Matters)
Searching, Counting and Replacing in Strings
Splitting, Joining and Parsing Text Data

Defining and Calling Functions
Positional, Keyword and Default Arguments
*args, **kwargs and Unpacking Arguments
Return Values, Multiple Returns and None
Scope: Local, Global and the LEGB Rule

Lists: Creating, Indexing and Slicing
Growing Lists: append vs extend vs insert
Removing Items: pop, remove, del and clear
Sorting Lists: sort(), sorted() and Key Functions
Copying Lists vs Referencing: The Default Trap

Dictionaries: A Practical Crash Course
dict.get() vs Direct Indexing: Avoiding KeyError
Iterating Dictionaries: keys(), values(), items()
Sets: Uniqueness, Membership and Set Math
Choosing Between list, set and dict

List Comprehensions: The One-Line Transform
Filtering and Transforming in One Comprehension
Dict and Set Comprehensions in Practice
When a Comprehension Hurts More Than a Loop

Reading Files: open(), Modes and with
Writing Files: Text, Newlines and CSV
Paths Done Right with pathlib
Exceptions: try, except, else, finally, raise
Custom Exceptions and Exception Chaining

Classes and Objects: Your First Class
__init__ and Instance Attributes Explained
Methods vs classmethod vs staticmethod
__repr__ and __eq__: Objects That Print and Compare Well
dataclasses for Simple Data Models

Inheritance: Extending Without Copy-Pasting
super() and Overriding Methods Correctly
Multiple Inheritance and the MRO
Properties: Getters, Setters and Validation
Composition vs Inheritance: Which and When

Imports, Modules and the import Path System
Structuring a Package: __init__.py and Layouts
pip, venv and Managing Dependencies
Type Hints: Annotations That Pay Off
Docstrings and Readable-Code Habits

lambda and Functions as Values
Closures: Functions That Remember
Decorators Step by Step
Generators and the Iterator Protocol
Context Managers and the with Statement

Organizing a Program Across Multiple Files
Writing Your First Tests with pytest
Threading vs asyncio: Choosing Concurrency
Capstone: A JSON-Powered Command-Line Data Tool

Interview Questions

Home/Tutorials/Python Tutorial

Python Tutorial

Learn Python 3.12 from scratch in this free 2026 tutorial — syntax, data structures, functions, OOP, file handling, modules, testing and a capstone CLI project. Every example is runnable.

14 modules68 lessons~8 hrs of reading100% Free

Start Learning Interview Questions Try in Compiler

Course outline

1.Python Setup and First Program5 lessons
2.Python Data Types and Variables5 lessons
3.Python if-else and Loops5 lessons
4.Python Strings5 lessons
5.Python Functions5 lessons
6.Python Lists5 lessons

7.Python Dictionaries and Sets5 lessons

8.List Comprehensions in Python4 lessons

9.Python File Handling and Exceptions5 lessons

10.Python Classes and Objects5 lessons

11.Advanced OOP in Python5 lessons

12.Python Modules and Packages5 lessons

13.Python Decorators, Closures and Generators5 lessons

14.Python Testing, Multithreading and a Capstone Project4 lessons

1.Python Setup and First Program

1.1What Is Python and Why Do Developers Choose It
1.2Installing Python 3.12 on Windows, macOS and Linux
1.3Running Your First Python Program End to End
1.4print(), input() and Your First Variables
1.5The Python REPL: A Practical Daily Workflow

2.Python Data Types and Variables

2.1Python Data Types Explained: int, float, str, bool
2.2Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence
2.3String vs Numeric Operations: What Actually Changes
2.4Type Conversion (Casting) Without Bugs
2.5Formatting Output with f-strings

3.Python if-else and Loops

3.1if, elif, else: Writing Decisions That Read Cleanly
3.2Comparison and Logical Operators in Real Conditions
3.3for Loops and range(): Iterating with Intention
3.4while Loops and Breaking Out Safely
3.5Nested Loops and the Curious loop-else

4.Python Strings

4.1Indexing and Slicing Strings Like a Pro
4.2The String Methods You Use Every Day
4.3Why Strings Are Immutable (and Why It Matters)
4.4Searching, Counting and Replacing in Strings
4.5Splitting, Joining and Parsing Text Data

5.Python Functions

5.1Defining and Calling Functions
5.2Positional, Keyword and Default Arguments
5.3*args, **kwargs and Unpacking Arguments
5.4Return Values, Multiple Returns and None
5.5Scope: Local, Global and the LEGB Rule

6.Python Lists

6.1Lists: Creating, Indexing and Slicing
6.2Growing Lists: append vs extend vs insert
6.3Removing Items: pop, remove, del and clear
6.4Sorting Lists: sort(), sorted() and Key Functions
6.5Copying Lists vs Referencing: The Default Trap

7.Python Dictionaries and Sets

7.1Dictionaries: A Practical Crash Course
7.2dict.get() vs Direct Indexing: Avoiding KeyError
7.3Iterating Dictionaries: keys(), values(), items()
7.4Sets: Uniqueness, Membership and Set Math
7.5Choosing Between list, set and dict

8.List Comprehensions in Python

8.1List Comprehensions: The One-Line Transform
8.2Filtering and Transforming in One Comprehension
8.3Dict and Set Comprehensions in Practice
8.4When a Comprehension Hurts More Than a Loop

9.Python File Handling and Exceptions

9.1Reading Files: open(), Modes and with
9.2Writing Files: Text, Newlines and CSV
9.3Paths Done Right with pathlib
9.4Exceptions: try, except, else, finally, raise
9.5Custom Exceptions and Exception Chaining

10.Python Classes and Objects

10.1Classes and Objects: Your First Class
10.2__init__ and Instance Attributes Explained
10.3Methods vs classmethod vs staticmethod
10.4__repr__ and __eq__: Objects That Print and Compare Well
10.5dataclasses for Simple Data Models

11.Advanced OOP in Python

11.1Inheritance: Extending Without Copy-Pasting
11.2super() and Overriding Methods Correctly
11.3Multiple Inheritance and the MRO
11.4Properties: Getters, Setters and Validation
11.5Composition vs Inheritance: Which and When

12.Python Modules and Packages

12.1Imports, Modules and the import Path System
12.2Structuring a Package: __init__.py and Layouts
12.3pip, venv and Managing Dependencies
12.4Type Hints: Annotations That Pay Off
12.5Docstrings and Readable-Code Habits

13.Python Decorators, Closures and Generators

13.1lambda and Functions as Values
13.2Closures: Functions That Remember
13.3Decorators Step by Step
13.4Generators and the Iterator Protocol
13.5Context Managers and the with Statement

14.Python Testing, Multithreading and a Capstone Project

14.1Organizing a Program Across Multiple Files
14.2Writing Your First Tests with pytest
14.3Threading vs asyncio: Choosing Concurrency
14.4Capstone: A JSON-Powered Command-Line Data Tool

Start with lesson 1.1

What Is Python and Why Do Developers Choose It